Sodium Benzoate (SB) is a white crystalline powder or granular substance at room temperature, with a faint benzoic acid odor, and is highly soluble in water. As an acidic preservative, it possesses stable chemical properties, but its preservative efficacy is highly dependent on an acidic environment (optimal at pH < 4.5): under slightly acidic conditions in substrates such as food, it converts to benzoic acid, which then penetrates microbial cells and disrupts their enzyme systems to effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold. Based on its high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and broad applicability, its primary use is as the most common chemically synthesized preservative, widely employed in acidic foods and beverages (such as fruit juices, carbonated drinks, soy sauce, vinegar, and jams), pharmaceuticals, cosmetics (e.g., toothpaste, facial cleansers), and animal feed to prevent spoilage and deterioration.